Credit glossary
Collection account
An entry showing a debt being collected by an agency, a debt buyer or the creditor's own collection unit after the original account went unpaid.
A collection is often a second entry for the same debt: the original creditor's account shows a charge-off or transfer, and the collector's account shows what's owed. Scores treat unpaid collections harshly, but versions differ after payment. FICO 8 ignores collections with an original balance under $100 yet still counts paid ones. FICO 9, the FICO 10 suite and VantageScore 3.0 and 4.0 ignore paid collections.
The reporting clock comes from the original delinquency, not the date a collector opened its account: 7 years starting 180 days after you first fell behind. Medical collections carry extra limits, since the bureaus voluntarily leave off paid medical collections and those under $500. Before paying, validate the debt, and ask a loan officer how it will be treated if a mortgage is coming.
Guides that go deeper
- How collections affect your score in FICO 8, 9, 10 and VantageScoreThe same collection can count fully, count less, or not count at all depending on the score version. A model-by-model look at paid, settled and medical debt.
- Should you pay a collection account? How to decidePaying a collection doesn't remove it, and the score effect depends on the model. How to decide, what to verify first, and how to pay safely.
- Medical debt on credit reports in 2026: what's actually in forceThe federal medical debt ban was struck down in 2025. What still protects you in 2026: bureau policies, newer scores and contested state laws.
Sources
- FICO Score versions, myFICO
- How do collections affect your credit?, myFICO
- 15 U.S.C. 1681c: Requirements relating to information contained in consumer reports, Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School
- Equifax, Experian and TransUnion Remove Medical Collections Debt Under $500 From U.S. Credit Reports, Experian plc
This is education, not legal or financial advice. Spot an error? Tell us and we'll fix it.